Quadricuspid aortic valve and supracrystal interventricular communication in a Brazilian equestrian horse
Main Article Content
Abstract
A 13-year-old Brazilian warmblood gelding arrived at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná presenting a murmur on cardiac auscultation. At physical evaluation, an IV/VI intensity holosystolic heart murmur was heard. Due to this clinical sign, an echocardiogram examination was performed, which showed supracrystal interventricular communication, quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) and, in Doppler evaluation, aortic reflux was noted and turbulent flow. Similar cardiac anomalies have been described in humans, hamsters, dogs, cats and shrews. However, there is only one case report in a horse and in which the equine had QAV and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Despite the congenital heart defects, the animal had no obvious signs of heart failure.
Article Details
References
Bonagura, J. D., & Reef, V. B. (2000). Doenças cardiovasculares. In S. M. Reed & W. M. Bayly (Eds.), Medicina interna equina (1. ed. pp. 250-289). Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.
Brugts, J. J., Cuypers, J. A. A. E., Polak, P., Ouhlous, M., Van de Woestijne, P., Wessels, M., & Roos-Hesselink, J. (2015).Quadricuspid aortic valve and anomalous systemic venous connection in a patient with cat-eye syndrome.Circulation, 131(13), 1225-1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013290. PMid:25825400.
Durán, A. C. (1996). Quadricuspid aortic valve and single coronary artery is a greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 32(4), 658-660. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-32.4.658.PMid:9359065
Fernández, B., Durán, A. C., Martire, A., López, D., & Sans-Coma, V. (1999). New embriological evidence for the formation of quadricuspid aortic valves in the syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Journal of Comparative Pathology, 121(1), 89-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jcpa.1998.0299. PMid:10373298.
Hall, T. L., Magdesian, K. G., & Kittleson, M. D. (2010). Congenital cardiac defects in neonatal foals: 18 cases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24(1), 206-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0445.x. PMid:20391638.
Konrad, R., Costa, M. N. S., & Salamé, C. K. (2009). Valva aórtica quadricúspide: uma revisão completa. Revista Brasileira de Ecocardiografia e Imagem Cardiovascular, 22(3), 39-52.
Michlik, K. M., Biazik, A. K., Henklewski, R. Z., Szmigielska, M. A., Nicpon, J. M., & Paslawska, U. (2014). Quadricuspid aortic valve and a ventricular septal defect in a Horse. BMC Veterinary Research, 10(1), 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-10-142. PMid:24981768.
Nakamura, T., Sawada, T., & Takagi, M. (2015). Incidental echocardiographic findings of a quadricuspid aortic valve associated with aortic regurgitation in a cat. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports, 1(2), 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116915596356. PMid:28491375.
Salum, M. A., Wandeck, K. S., Kalil, M., Oliveira, R. N. F., & Vieira, L. V. (2002). Insuficiência valvar aórtica por valva quadricúspide. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, 17(1), 99-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-76382002000100014.
Yuan, S. M. (2016). Quadricuspid aortic valve: a comprehensive review. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, 31(6), 454-460. PMid:28076624.